一种电磁层析图像快速重建算法

针对电磁层析成像（EMT）逆问题中,灵敏度矩阵的病态性、不适定性等问题,提出了一种新的电磁层析图像快速重建算法。利用主成分分析（PCA）对灵敏度矩阵做降维映射,再利用奇异值分解（SVD）求广义逆矩阵,重建图像。在选取灵敏度矩阵的协方差矩阵的特征值个数中,利用灵敏度矩阵特有的多样本特性,提出图像相关系数最大化算法,更加合理地去除灵敏度矩阵中的冗余信息,在尽可能不丢失成像特征信息的条件下,提高了解稳定性。实际采集数据成像时,该算法只需一次矩阵乘法运算,为快速实时成像提供了可能。与传统单步算法和迭代算法相比,该算法在成像质量和速度上都有较明显优势。      

用于激光吸收光谱二维重建的光谱优化选择方法研究

光谱组合对多光谱重建技术的重建结果有很大影响,不合理的光谱组合会降低光谱测量的有效性,加大重建误差。为了从海量的光谱数据库中选出适用于被测流场参数范围的最优光谱组合,提出了一种基于向量组线性相关性的光谱选择方法,采用数值仿真的方法开展研究,仿真结果验证了方法的可行性与可靠性。分析了测量信号无噪声和存在噪声时,光谱数量与重建结果的关系。研究发现最优光谱组合的线性相关指数小于0.01时,该组合存在光谱的冗余。保证测量有效性的同时光谱数量最少的光谱组合为线性相关指数不小于0.01的最优光谱组合。测量存在噪声时,光谱数量越多,噪声的抑制效果越好,重建结果精度更高。通过重复测量法可以有效降低噪声影响,用最少数量的光谱实现更多光谱的测量效果。     

工业CT半扫描成像技术

工业CT即ICT(Industrial Computed Tomography)采用三代扫描方式对构件进行快速检测.但受探测器长度的限制,三代的扫描视场小,可检构件的尺寸受到限制.为解决较大尺寸构件ICT快速检测问题,讨论了一种工业CT半扫描成像技术,推导了其滤波反投影FBP(Filter Back-Projection)重构算法.该算法首先利用扇束三代CT重排原理,将半扫描形成的扇束投影数据修正为360°内不完备的平行束数据;然后利用平行束对称性,生成180°内完备的平行束数据;最后利用平行束重建算法实施重建.计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该技术的正确性.分析表明,其有效扫描视野比三代提高0.8倍以上.     

基于工业CT技术的设备故障诊断与维修

采用先进的工业CT无损检测技术, 对精密设备内部结构进行无损定量检测, 根据得到的结构断层图像, 确定设备各部件之间装配关系和配合间隙, 比较完好设备的断层结构图像, 诊断出设备的故障部位, 提出故障修复方案.对于无故障精密设备, 利用工业CT无损检测具有的尺寸精密测量功能, 结合相应部位的断层结构图像, 识别内部转动部件的磨损程度或部件间产生的相对位移, 推断系统将来可能发生故障的运行阶段, 提出设备的维修计划.      

Spaceflight-relevant types of ionizing radiation and cortical bone: Potential LET effect?

Extended exposure to microgravity conditions results in significant bone loss. Coupled with radiation exposure, this phenomenon may place astronauts at a greater risk for mission-critical fractures. In a previous study, we identified a profound and prolonged loss of trabecular bone (29–39%) in mice following exposure to an acute, 2 Gy dose of radiation simulating both solar and cosmic sources. However, because skeletal strength depends on trabecular and cortical bone, accurate assessment of strength requires analysis of both bone compartments. The objective of the present study was to examine various properties of cortical bone in mice following exposure to multiple types of spaceflight-relevant radiation. Nine-week old, female C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 110 days after exposure to a single, whole body, 2 Gy dose of gamma, proton, carbon, or iron radiation. Femora were evaluated with biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography, quantitative histomorphometry, percent mineral content, and micro-hardness analysis. Compared to non-irradiated controls, there were significant differences compared to carbon or iron radiation for only fracture force, medullary area and mineral content. A greater differential effect based on linear energy transfer (LET) level may be present: high-LET (carbon or iron) particle irradiation was associated with a decline in structural properties (maximum force, fracture force, medullary area, and cortical porosity) and mineral composition compared to low-LET radiation (gamma and proton). Bone loss following irradiation appears to be largely specific to trabecular bone and may indicate unique biological microenvironments and microdosimetry conditions. However, the limited time points examined and non-haversian skeletal structure of the mice employed highlight the need for further investigation.     

Proposal for ionospheric tomography technique using a new HF radio source

Measurements of the line integral of the electron density along satellite-to-ground ray paths (i.e. TEC) using differential phase or Doppler of two coherent VHF/UHF signals transmitted from NNSS or GPS satellite networks have been used in the ionospheric tomography for mapping large-scale ionospheric images over region of interest. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of using a new signal source HF frequency in tomographic imaging. The initial phase problem inherent in the phase measurement can be eliminated by measuring Faraday rotations. Relative rotation on two adjacent HF frequencies is used to solve the ambiguity problem. A second-order approximation of the Faraday rotation incorporated with ray-tracing technique improves the reconstruction degradation due to ionospheric refractions. CASSIOPE is a multi-purpose small satellite that receives HF signals from ground radar facilities and it is scheduled for launch in early 2008. Simulations have demonstrated the potential applications of the ionospheric tomography in CASSIOPE/e-POP satellite experiment.     

基于超声导波波束成形的缺陷反演方法研究

利用超声导波对板结构中的缺陷进行反演可以确定缺陷的位置和形状信息,针对走时成像方法在低频范围内效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于波动场的超声导波缺陷反演成像方法。根据波动方程推导出波束成形成像原理,利用Born近似下的散射场数据对成像区域像素点的值进行相干叠加,得到缺陷的位置和形状。再通过波束成形与傅里叶衍射定理在频域的映射关系,将波束成形的结果转化为衍射层析成像图像,得到了更为清晰的反演图像。针对衍射层析成像中存在伪影和噪声的问题,利用二维变分模态分解（Two-dimensional variational mode decomposition,2D-VMD）方法对图像进行降噪处理,有效去除了伪影和缺陷轮廓边缘的毛刺,进一步提高了成像分辨率。反演结果表明该方法可以较为准确地重构出铝板上减薄缺陷的位置、大小和形状,具有较高的分辨率。     

带压燃烧场2D温度分布的激光吸收光谱测量初步研究

以实现冲压发动机等高压燃烧流场诊断为目标,采用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术对带压的燃烧流场温度诊断进行初步研究。使用一种光谱适应的CT重构二维温度方法,以误差平方和和零均值归一化互相关作为评价指标分析CT-TDLAS的重构精度。搭建带压燃烧腔温度分布测量的实验系统,使用压力传感器和CCD相机记录带压点火燃烧过程变化;使用1335-1375nm的宽波段可调节半导体激光器对燃烧腔内带压点火燃烧过程进行了时间分辨的二维温度重建。实验结果表明：CT-TDLAS具有较高的重构精度;燃烧过程的压力变化趋势,火焰变化趋势及时间分辨二维温度分布变化趋势,三者保持一致;在带压条件下,CT-TDLAS可以实现高分辨率的时间分辨温度测量,反应定量的温度分布变化信息,为带压及进一步的高温高压燃烧流场的诊断提供帮助。     

A new ionospheric tomography model combining pixel-based and function-based models

Considering the limitations of current single pixel-based and function-based computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) models, this paper proposes a new tomography model – COMBI, which combines these two models. COMBI model is able to reconstruct the three dimensional distribution of electron density with fewer parameters, and easy to compute, as well as very convenient to use. Through experiments with simulated data and measured data, it is verified that the new COMBI model not only can better describe refine structure of ionospheric electron density, but also is superior to these two pixel-based and function-based CIT models in application.     

Application of hybrid regularization method for tomographic reconstruction of midlatitude ionospheric electron density

Reconstructing ionospheric electron density (IED) is an ill-posed inverse problem, with classical Tikhonov regularization tending to smooth IED structures. By contrast, total variation (TV) regularization effectively resists noise and preserves discontinuities of the IED. In this paper, we regularize the inverse problem by incorporating both Tikhonov and TV regularization. A specific formulation of the proposed method, called hybrid regularization, is introduced and investigated. The method is then tested using simulated data for the actual positions of the GPS satellites and ground receivers, and also applied to the analysis of real observation data under quiescent and disturbed ionospheric conditions. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness, and illustrate the validity and reliability of the proposed method.